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Neandertal exhibit page 1. Click to read the 'Reflections on Neanderthalers' article. Click to download this exhibit as a pdf file (4.9mb) When fossilized bones were found in 1856 in a cave, a most violent rejection of the notion that humans had evloved from more primitive men ensued and a serious controversy abounded. This exhibit explores our knowledge of Neandertals. The subject areas range from their discovery, immediate ancestors, anatomy, daily habits and technology, to their replacement by modern man and current scientific study and research results. Original watercolor artwork, Quaiti State in Hadharmaut Aden Protectorate. Exhibit Plan and Chapter Descriptions. Click to go to the exhibit's discovery section. Click to go to the exhibit's early discovery section. Click to go to the exhibit's recognition section. Click to go to the exhibit's origin theories section. Click to go to the exhibit's ancestors and forms section. Click to go to the exhibit's ancestors section. Click to go to the exhibit's physical characteristics section. Click to go to the exhibit's population distribution section. Click to go to the exhibit's Germany and Gibraltar section. Click to go to the exhibit's France and Italy section. Click to go to the exhibit's Croatia and Other Areas section. Click to go to the exhibit's technology section. Click to go to the exhibit's stone tools section. Click to go to the exhibit's clothing and shelter section. Click to go to the exhibit's social behaviour section. Click to go to the exhibit's hunting section. Click to go to the exhibit's bear cult and medicine section. Click to go to the exhibit's fire and burial section. Click to go to the exhibit's scientific investigation section. Click to go to the exhibit's modern study section. Click to go to the exhibit's research results section. Items presenting difficulty of acquisition are matted in dark red. Click to read the 'Reflections on Neanderthalers' article. Disputes continued until recent discoveries convinced researchers of fossil man's existence. Neandertals lived in Europe from approximately 105,000 to 35,000 years ago. They are not our direct ancestors, although aspects of their behavior resenble modern humans.